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黄大仙GMAT语法点评精华收录（一）
2008-02-12
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OG SC 8-5 part-11. Although a surge in retail sales have raised hopes that there is a recovery finally underway, many economists say that without a large amount of spending the recovery might not last.(A) have raised hopes that there is a recovery finally(B) raised hopes for there being a recovery finally(C) had raised hopes for a recovery finally being(D) has raised hopes that a recovery is finally(E) raised hopes for a recovery finally划线部分主语是a surge，单数。In retail sales作a surge 的定语是企图另人以为主语是复数。立即排除A。其他选项的时态属于“百花齐放”型，要确认用哪一个，第一个工具：看有没有时间状语。没有。第二个工具：看另外一句的时态，因为两句的时态必须一致。Economists say, 一般现在时。立即得出答案为D。（有同学也许会说为什么用has raised，现在完成时，而不也用一般现在时呢？这个无法考证。但有一个前提必须得遵守，现在对现在，过去对过去。经常也有会前面一般现在时，后面现在完成时。）难度：1级。 3. Diabetes, together with its serious complications, ranks as the nation's third leading cause of death, surpassed only by heart disease and cancer.(A) ranks as the nation's third leading cause of death, surpassed only(B) rank as the nation's third leading cause of death, only surpassed(C) has the rank of the nation's third leading cause of death, only surpassed(D) are the nation's third leading causes of death, surpassed only(E) have been ranked as the nation's third leading causes of death, only surpassed主语是diabetes，单数。如果不认识这个单词，看分句中its，便能确认是单数。立即排除B, D,E（根据主谓一致原则）。A与C开比，在别的一致的情况下，以动词优先与名词的原则，ranks胜于has a rank。选A。另外还可以参考，下划线句尾。句义是，糖尿病是第三大死因，仅被心脏病和癌症超过。就是说除了这两个，别的疾病没有超过糖尿病。所以用surpassed only by heart attack and cancer. 考了一点小小的逻辑。难度：1级。 34. Efforts to equalize the funds available to school districts, a major goal of education reformers and many states in the 1970's, has not significantly reduced the gaps existinq between the richest and poorest districts.(A) has not significantly reduced the gaps existing(B) has not been significant in reducing the gap that exists(C) has not made a significant reduction in the gap that exists(D) have not significantly reduced the gap that exists(E) have not been significant in a reduction of the gaps existing主语Efforts，为复数。”a major goal…in the 1970’,” 是修饰主语句的同位语句，属于混淆视线。立即排除A, B, C。看D和E。在别的一致的情况下，以动词优先与名词的原则，has not reduced胜于has not been in a reduction of, 选D。本题的小考点还有，D中的the gap that exists和E中定语从句后置当定语跟ing后置当定语的区别。以及D中用gap，E中用gaps。根据后面between the richest and poorest districts，确定只有一条gap。难度：2级。 61. Since 1986 enrollments of African Americans, American Indians, and Hispanic Americans in full-time engineering programs in the United States has steadily increased, while the number of other students who enter the field has fallen.(A) has steadily increased, while the number of other students who enter the field has fallen(B) has steadily increased, while other students entering the field have declined in number(C) increased steadily, while there was a decline in the number of other students entering the field(D) have steadily increased, while the number of other students entering the field has fallen(E) have steadily increased, while that of other students who enter the field fell主语，enrollments，为复数。排除A和B。C暂时不能排除，因为用的是过去式，回避了单复数问题。时间状语，Since1986，动词必须为完成时，排除C。在剩下的D和E中，看两个句尾分别为has fellen和fell，因为while前面用have steadily increased后面必须用完成时，立即选D。 70. Displays of the aurora borealis, or "northern lights," can heat the atmosphere over the Arctic enough to affect the trajectories of ballistic missiles, induce electric currents that can cause blackouts in some areas and corrosion in north-south pipelines.(A) to affect the trajectories of ballistic missiles, induce(B) that the trajectories of ballistic missiles are affected, induce(C) that it affects the trajectories of ballistic missiles, induces(D) that the trajectories of ballistic missiles are affected and induces(E) to affect the trajectories of ballistic missiles and induce 先看划线句的尾巴，到底induce单数还是复数。句子架构是Displays…can heat… to affect….induce…，不关induce是归can管，还是贵displays管，都不可能加s，排除C和D。 开比A，B和E，出现了induce前面要不要and的问题。举例，我对你又爱又恨，爱恨中间需要and。我对你又爱又恨又怕，那么and就要出现在恨与怕之间。有没有and，表示着并列结构结束没有。And的出现意味着并列关系的终结。同理，并列关系的终结呼唤着and。所以决定induce前面有没有and，看并列关系到induce终结没有。Induce后面动词只有that can cause，没有同类动词。并列结构到induce结束，要加and。选E。 题外话：verbal只有75分钟做45道题，平均一题1分45秒。对于需要看原文的阅读以及难度较大的逻辑，1分45秒一题是不足够的。所以必须要在句子改错中节省时间，掌握技巧，能不看句义就不看句义。 77. Even though the direct costs of malpractice disputes amounts to a sum lower than 1 percent of the $541 billion the nation spent on health care last year, doctors say fear of lawsuits plays a major role in health-care inflation.（A）amounts to a sum lower(B) amounts to less (C) amounted to less 4,(D) amounted to lower(E) amounted to a lower sum第一步排除A和B，没有可能用一般现在时，其他三项适用过去式作定语。第二步，常识。少于1 percent，百分比比较用less than。用lower than的，诸如温度，物价，通胀率等等有高低的。有大小之比的，才用less than。78. Visitors to the park have often looked up into the leafy canopy and saw monkeys sleeping on the branches, whose arms and legs hang like socks on a clothesline.(A) saw monkeys sleeping on the branches, whose arms and legs hang(B) saw monkeys sleeping on the branches, whose arms and legs were hanging(C) saw monkeys sleeping on the branches, with arms and legs hanging(D) seen monkeys sleeping on the branches, with arms and legs hanging(E) seen monkeys sleeping on the branches, whose arms and legs have hung. 第一步，排除A，B和C。visitors have looked up and 后面要用完成时。 第二步，whose跟which一样只能就近指代，变成指代branches了。所以不行。D中用了with做独立主格，可以跨越修饰。只是大仙在做过全部题目中，唯一一个用with。 独立主格，就是分词自带主语。如:The sun shinning, david went to toilet. 138. The direction in which the Earth and the other solid planets—Mercury, Venus, and Mars-spins were determined from collisions with giant celestial bodies in the early history of the solar system. (A) spins were determined from(B) spins were determined because of(C) spins was determined through (D) spin was determined by(E) spin was determined as a result of 第一个问题，spins归谁管。 Spins是he Earth and the other solid planets发出的动作，而且s依然在which引导的定语从句之内, 那就是主语是复数，动词不加s，立即排除A,B,C. D和E，比比谁更简单直接。选D。 116. Out of America's fascination with all thinqs antique have grown a market for byqone styles of furniture and fixtures that are bringing back the chaise lounge, the overstuffed sofa, and the claw-footed bathtub.(A) things antique have grown a market for bygone styles of furniture and fixtures that are bringing(B) things antique has grown a market for bygone styles of furniture and fixtures that is bringing(C) things that are antiques has grown a market for bygone styles of furniture and fixtures that bring(D) antique things have grown a market for bygone styles of furniture and fixtures that are bringing(E) antique things has grown a market for bygone styles of furniture and fixtures that bring 考点：倒装句里面考主谓一致 从尾部入手，that真正的修饰对象是market，记住that可以跨越指代。而且从逻辑上讲，furniture和fixture不能将过去的什么东西带回来，一定是a market（市场的存在）将东西带回来。排除A， C，D和E。 另外一个切入点，完全倒装的长相和部分倒装的长相差异在于，完全倒装是从右到左掉过来了，部分倒装是副词掉前面去了。 例句：Never will we forget history. （部分倒装） 该句的结构是 A market (for...bathtube) has grown out of American’s fascination. 为了句子平衡和谐，a market的后置修饰太长，所以通过倒装放在动词后面。一切结构都是以逻辑表达为最高原则。49. Many house builders offer rent-to-buy programs that enable a family with insufficient savings for a conventional down payment to be able to move into new housing and to apply part of the rent to a purchase later.(A) programs that enable a family with insufficient savings for a conventional down payment to be able to move into new housing and to apply(B) programs that enable a family with insufficient savings for a conventional down payment to move into new housing and to apply(C) programs; that enables a family with insufficient savings for a conventional down payment to move into new housing, to apply(D) programs, which enables a family with insufficient savings for a conventional down payment to move into new housing, applying(E) programs, which enable a family with insufficient savings for a conventional down payment to be able to move into new housing, applying 考点：在定语从句中，出现主谓一致的情况。划线的开头在句子中间，划线开始部分是不动词，会让人降低警惕性。 一看programs，马上排除没有用enable的C和D。 划线尾部有动词，apply是由前面决定的。短语enable somebody to do something, 马上排除E中的applying。 A和B比较，A中多了be able to，是实词，会影响意思。在这道题中是和enable的意思重复了。 意思重复的例句：It’s soaring dramatically. Soar本来就要快速上升的意思，dramatically在此就多余了。 CPI is declining downwards. Downwards 也多此一举了。12. After gradual declension down to about 39 hours in 1970, the workweek in the United States has steadily increased to the point that the average worker now puts in an estimated 164 extra hours of paid labor a year.(A) After gradual declension down(B) Following a gradual declension down(C) After gradual declining down(D) After gradually declining(E) Following gradually declining一看A，B和C，参照上一题的例句，发现down是多余的，马上排除这三项。 答案选D。 解析：如何发现意思重复？都是通过选项比较的时候发现的。在其他地方基本一样的前提下，多出了实词的跟少了那个实词的，会影响句子意思。多了虚词跟少了那个虚词，会影响了句子的结构。 比如说句子中，有may又有possible；有today，又有now。 题外话：到此题为止，对于主谓一致的第一阶段讨论结束了 而时态都是依附其他考点出现的，从来没有单独考时态。主线就是把同位语跟定语从句进行剥离。副线是学习如何认清考官用特殊名词来迷惑。另外一个支线是，提防倒装句或者定语从句。---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8-5 part-2Should的用法：比如说require。第一种用法：加从句，那就一定要跟that。GMAT中，that不容任何省略。require that somebody do something. （按照GMAT的要求，should在这里一定省略）原则：有that就没should。没that就加要有to。第二种写法：require somebody to do something特例：Mandate和purpose，只有有一种用法，就是后面跟that somebody do something. 其他表达都不行。GMAT中，就这两个是特殊的。如果判断句子是否应用should的删除原则？ 不建议像中学一样背动词。只要通过选项比较，作出相关的东西是否具有命令，建议和劝告这三种意思的其中一种。是：应用“有that就没should。没that就加要有to”否：不管它，用别的方法杀题。53. Section 13(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 requires anyone who buys more than 5 percent of a company's stock make a public disclosure of the purchase.(A) make(B) will also make(C) to make(D) must make(E) must then make一比选项，其实就是有没有形态动词或者不定式的区别。看划线外，主语Section，谓语requires，属于要求类东西。“原则：有that就没should。没that就加要有to。”立即选C。 48. The report recommended that the hospital should eliminate unneeded beds, expensive services should be consolidated, and use space in other hospitals.(A) should eliminate unneeded beds, expensive services should be consolidated, and use space in other hospitals(B) should eliminate unneeded beds, expensive services should be consolidated, and other hospitals' space be used(C) should eliminate unneeded beds, expensive services should be consolidated, and to use space in other hospitals(D) eliminate unneeded beds, consolidate expensive services, and other hospitals' space used(E) eliminate unneeded beds, consolidate expensive services, and use space in other hospitals 一看有should，往外看。Recommend，要求。“原则：有that就没should。没that就加要有to。”。杀A，B和C。对比D和E。在E中出现，三个动词排比。Eliminate…consolidate…, and use….体现了动词的平行结构。选E。 83. Most state constitutions now mandate that the state budqet be balanced each year.（A） mandate that the state budget be balanced（B） mandate the state budget to be balanced（C） mandate that the state budget will be balanced（D） have a mandate for a balanced state budget（E） have a mandate to balance the state budget根据原则“特例：Mandate和purpose，只有有一种用法，就是后面跟that somebody do something.”。选A。82. Senator Lasker has proposed legislation requiring that employers should retain all older workers indefinitely or show just cause for dismissal. (A) that employers should retain all older workers(B) that all older workers be retained by employers(C) the retaining by employers of all older workers(D) employers’ retain of all older workers(E) employers to retain all older workers A项，that从句中有should，杀A。 C，杀。要么就是that从句， 要么就是somebody to do。D，杀。Employers’ retain, 名词。理论同上。比较B和E，句型都没语法问题。不分高下，不得不往划线外面看。一看or show，立即判断 to retain….or show….平行结构。选E。如果有同学认认B中的be retained…or show，都是动词原型，都是平行，请看选择B之后的句子。all older workers be retained …or show just cause for dismissal, 变成older worker要解释被解雇的原因。试想当雇主对雇员说：“我要解雇你.” 雇员问：“为啥?”雇主答曰：”你自己说吧。“。没有这种道理的。84. Under the Safe Drinking Water Act, the Environ¬mental Protection Agency is required either to approve individual state plans for controlling the discharge of wastes into underground water or that they enforce their own plan for states without adequate regulations.
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原广州新东方学校中学部主任，新东方教育科技集团数学，语文培训项目开创者，佛山新东方校长。国内著名gmat研究专家.香港科技大学MBA
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As it is with traditional pharmacies, on-line drugstores rely on prescriptions to be successful, since it is primarily prescriptions that attract the customers, who then also buy other health-related items.
(A) As it is with traditional pharmacies, on-line drugstores rely on prescriptions to be successful
(B) As with the case of traditional pharmacies, on-line drugstores rely on prescriptions to have success
(C) As is the case with traditional pharmacies, prescriptions are the cornerstone of a successful on-line drugstore
(D) As traditional pharmacies, so on-line drugstores rely on prescriptions to be successful
(E) Like traditional pharmacies, the cornerstone of a successful on-line drugstore is prescriptions